a) Với x > 0 bất kì và \(h = x - {x_0}\) ta có

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{f\left( {{x_0} + h} \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{h} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {{x_0} + h} \right) - \ln {x_0}}}{h}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{h}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{h}{{{x_0}}}.{x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{h}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{h}{{{x_0}}}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\end{array}\)

Vậy hàm số \(y = \ln x\) có đạo hàm là hàm số \(y' = \frac{1}{x}\)

b) Ta có \({\log _a}x = \frac{{\ln x}}{{\ln a}}\) nên \(\left( {{{\log }_a}x} \right)' = \left( {\frac{{\ln x}}{{\ln a}}} \right)' = \frac{1}{{x\ln a}}\)

a) Ta có \(t = \frac{1}{x},\) nên khi x tiến đến 0 thì t tiến đến dương vô cùng do đó

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {\left( {1 + x} \right)^{\frac{1}{x}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to  + \infty } {\left( {1 + \frac{1}{t}} \right)^t} = e\)

b) \(\ln y = \ln {\left( {1 + x} \right)^{\frac{1}{x}}} = \frac{1}{x}\ln \left( {1 + x} \right)\)

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \ln y = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + x} \right)}}{x} = 1\)

c) \(t = {e^x} - 1 \Leftrightarrow {e^x} = t + 1 \Leftrightarrow x = \ln \left( {t + 1} \right)\)

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{{e^x} - 1}}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to 0} \frac{t}{{\ln \left( {t + 1} \right)}} = 1\)

Đặt \(t=x-e\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=t+e\\x\rightarrow e;t\rightarrow0\end{cases}\)

\(\Rightarrow L=\lim\limits_{t\rightarrow0}\frac{\ln\left(t+e\right)-\ln e}{t}=\lim\limits_{t\rightarrow0}\frac{\ln\left(\frac{t+e}{e}\right)}{t}=\lim\limits_{t\rightarrow0}\left[\frac{\ln\left(1+\frac{t}{e}\right)}{\frac{t}{e}}\right]=\frac{1}{e}\)

\(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\ln\left(1+x^3\right)}{2x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\ln\left(1+x^3\right)}{x^3.\frac{2}{x^2}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left[\frac{\ln\left(1+x^3\right)}{x^3}.\frac{x^3}{2}\right]=1.0=0\)

\(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\ln x-1}{\tan x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\ln\left(1+2x\right)}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\ln\left(1+2x\right)}{2x.\frac{\sin x}{x}.\frac{1}{2\cos x}}\)

   \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left[\frac{\ln\left(1+2x\right)}{2x}.\frac{1}{\frac{\sin x}{x}}.2\cos x\right]=1.\frac{1}{1}.2.1=2\)

Đáp án D

Chọn C.

Phương trình hoành độ giao điểm của đồ thị hàm số và trục hoành là:

(x – 1) ln(x + 1) = 0 <=> x = 1 hoặc x = 0 

→ Diện tích hình phẳng giới hạn bởi đồ thị hàm số y = (x – 1) ln(x = 1) và trục hoành là

Đặt  u   =   ln ( x + 1 ) d v   =   ( 1 - x ) d x ⇒ d u   =   1 x + 1 d x v   =   2 x   -   x 2 2

=  1 2 ln 2 - 5 4 + 3 2 ln 2 =  - 5 4 +   2 ln 2

a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:

\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^x} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)

Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0} + \Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.{e^{\Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.\left( {{e^{\Delta x}} - 1} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ &  = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} {e^{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{\Delta x}} - 1}}{{\Delta x}} = {e^{{x_0}}}.1 = {e^{{x_0}}}\end{array}\)

Vậy \({\left( {{e^x}} \right)^\prime } = {e^x}\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).

b) Với bất kì \({x_0} > 0\), ta có:

\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln {\rm{x}} - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)

Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {{x_0} + \Delta x} \right) - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {\frac{{{x_0} + \Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}}\end{array}\)

Đặt \(\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}} = t\). Lại có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}};\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + t} \right)}}{t} = 1\)

Vậy \(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.1 = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\)

Vậy \({\left( {\ln x} \right)^\prime } = \frac{1}{x}\) trên khoảng \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\).

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f(x) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln x - \ln {x_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \frac{x}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{{\ln \frac{x}{{{x_0}}}}}{{\ln e}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \frac{x}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{u \to 0} \frac{{\frac{{x - {x_0}}}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}\ln e}}\\ \Rightarrow \left( {\ln x} \right)' = \frac{1}{{x\ln e}} = \frac{1}{x}\end{array}\)